{"id":10191,"date":"2019-10-02T07:19:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-02T12:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/?p=10191"},"modified":"2024-09-12T18:01:09","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T23:01:09","slug":"el-derecho-moral-de-integridad-en-las-obras-de-arte-plastico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/en\/the-moral-right-of-integrity-in-works-of-art\/","title":{"rendered":"The moral right of integrity in works of art"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Every work of human creativity is made up of two essential elements: the corpus mysticum, which is the work strictly speaking and the corpus mechanicum which is the material support of said work; and, although these elements are closely linked, they are independent of each other.<\/p>

However, in artworks, this distinction is not possible due to a special feature of this type of work: the uniqueness, which means the dependence of the creation and the material support that contains it<\/em>[1], that is to say that the corpus mechanicum<\/em> is not only the support that embodies the corpus mysticum<\/em>, it is also an absolutely necessary element for its creation, for example: a painting is created at the moment when the paint is applied on a canvas or another material, while in a literary work, the story is created in the mind of the author and subsequently materialized through the book or any other type of material support.<\/p>

Likewise, the uniqueness of the artwork prevents their serial reproduction, since a simple change in the brushstroke on the canvas or in the shape of the marble to be carved, represents a significant difference, therefore, these type of works are always considered unique pieces, which does not happen with literary or musical works, since the books and compact discs can be replicated in thousands of exactly equal copies. It is precisely this quality of being unique pieces that causes a series of conflicts when more than one holder of rights converges on this type of work.<\/p>

Our copyright system in Peru, unlike the

<\/p> <\/em>English-speaking countries, is made up of two kind of rights: the moral rights, which will always belong to the author and the patrimonial rights, which can be executed by the author or any other natural or legal person to whom the author has assigned them.<\/p>

In this regard, both our national normative in article 21 of Legislative Decree N\u00b0 822, Copyright Law, and the Andean Decision N\u00b0 351, Common Regime on Copyright and Related Rights, have acknowledged that the moral rights are perpetual, inalienable, irrevocable and imprescriptible, which empowers the author to prevent actions that go against them, even if they have already assigned their patrimonial rights.<\/p>

In plastic artworks, the defense of these rights will have a significant relevance, since, by assigning their patrimonial rights, the author will lose control not only of the corpus mechanicum<\/em> but also of the corpus mysticum<\/em>, which makes these types of work more vulnerable to the infringement of moral rights, mainly, the right of integrity.<\/p>

According to the article 25 of the Legislative Decree N\u00b0 822, the moral right of integrity is the right by which \u201cthe author has, even in front of the holder of the material support that contains the work, the power to oppose to any deformation, modification, mutilation, alteration or destruction thereof.\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>

Although this article clearly indicates the scope of the moral right of integrity, there is still much ignorance about it. The best example is what happened in March 2015, when the Metropolitan City Hall of Lima erased various artistic murals from the Historic Center of the city without consent of their authors, being to date the most emblematic case of infringement of the moral right of integrity emerged in our country.<\/p>

Among the erased murals was one called \u201cAir\u201d, which had been commissioned by the previous municipal administration to the artist Leonardo Fern\u00e1ndez \u201cOlfer\u201d, who was the only one of the affected authors who reported the case to the Copyright Commission of the National Institute of Defense of Free Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (Indecopi).<\/p>

\"\"<\/p>

Source: http:\/\/olferleonardo.blogspot.com\/2015\/10\/mural-aire.html<\/a><\/p>

The defense of the City Hall, pleaded that there was no infringement of the moral rights of integrity of the aforementioned work, because the author had signed an affidavit of confidentiality in which he gave his consent that, as a result of the provided service, the intellectual rights of the work will belong to the City Hall.<\/p>

The Copyright Commission dismissed this argument, since, as mentioned above, the moral rights are inalienable; and therefore, they cannot be assigned. Additionally, the Commission highlighted the ideal and material aspects of the infringement of the moral right of integrity in artworks, seeing that, due to them being unique pieces, their mutilation or alteration implied their destruction, which is one of the most serious attacks to copyright law.<\/p>

In that sense, the Commission declared grounded the complaint and sanctioned with the payment of a large fine to the City Hall, which appealed this decision. The case is currently wait for the pronouncement of the Second Administrative Instance.<\/p>

The impact of this case was so serious that it even led to the amendment of the article 25 of the Legislative Decree 822[2]<\/span>, which consisted in the inclusion of the term \"destruction\", which was not expressly indicated, as one of the considered actions to which the author is entitled to oppose to protect the integrity of the work, which was later explained by the Commission in the First Instance Resolution of the case of the murals of Lima as follows:<\/p>

\u201c(\u2026) an infringement to the right of integrity will occur not only with the deformation, modification, mutilation or partial alteration of the work, but also when the affectation of the work is of such magnitude, that it will imply the total destruction of it, being able to understand this last assumption as the total alteration of the work that implies its disappearance. To admit the opposite, that is to say that only the deformation, modification, mutilation or partial alteration affects the integrity of the work but not its total destruction, would be a contradiction that would result in the lack of protection of the author with respect to one of the most important rights he possesses (\u2026)\u201d<\/em>[3]

In conclusion, the moral right of integrity deserves special protection in artworks in order to avoid the disappearance of creations of unique nature, caused by arbitrary and unjustified acts such as those done by the City Hall of Lima to the murals. To that end, we believe it is very likely that the Second Instance will confirm what the Commission resolved in the case of the murals of Lima. Likewise, Indecopi is facing the perfect opportunity to issue a mandatory observance precedent in this regard, demonstrating the importance of valuing art in all its forms of expression.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Author: Kelly S\u00e1nchez \u2013 Intellectual Property Specialist
Law Firm: OMC Abogados & Consultores<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

___<\/p>

[1]<\/span> Vald\u00e9s D\u00edaz, C. (2016). The works of the spirit and its content: Archetype, prototype, sketches and copies; specific properties in this regard<\/em>, in \u201cTensions between Intellectual Property and Ordinary Property\u201d (p\u00e1gs. 7-30). Madrid: 2016
[2]<\/span> Amended by article 3 of Legislative Decree N\u00ba 1391, dated september 05, 2018
[3]<\/span> Resolution N\u00b0 614-2018\/CDA-INDECOPI, dated october 29, 2018, in File N\u00b0 2112-2015\/DDA, p. 34<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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This article has also been published on the following sites:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Toda obra producto de la creatividad humana, est\u00e1 conformada por dos elementos esenciales: el corpus mysticum, que viene a ser la obra en sentido estricto y el corpus mechanicum que es el soporte material de la misma y aunque estos elementos se encuentran estrechamente vinculados, son independientes entre s\u00ed. Sin embargo, en las obras de […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_vp_custom_popup_image":0,"_vp_format_audio_url":"","_vp_custom_thumbnail":0,"_vp_custom_thumbnail_focal_point":[],"_vp_hover_thumbnail":0,"_vp_hover_thumbnail_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos"],"yoast_head":"\nEl derecho moral de integridad en las obras de arte pl\u00e1stico - OMC Abogados & Consultores<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/en\/the-moral-right-of-integrity-in-works-of-art\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El derecho moral de integridad en las obras de arte pl\u00e1stico - OMC Abogados & Consultores\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toda obra producto de la creatividad humana, est\u00e1 conformada por dos elementos esenciales: el corpus mysticum, que viene a ser la obra en sentido estricto y el corpus mechanicum que es el soporte material de la misma y aunque estos elementos se encuentran estrechamente vinculados, son independientes entre s\u00ed. Sin embargo, en las obras de […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/en\/the-moral-right-of-integrity-in-works-of-art\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OMC Abogados & Consultores\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/omcabogados.consultores\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-02T12:19:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-12T23:01:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/medios-omc-abogados.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"228\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"WebMasterOMC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@omcabogadosperu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@omcabogadosperu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"WebMasterOMC\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/el-derecho-moral-de-integridad-en-las-obras-de-arte-plastico\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/el-derecho-moral-de-integridad-en-las-obras-de-arte-plastico\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"WebMasterOMC\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/5631656d9b6382d013b99eae0095efa6\"},\"headline\":\"El derecho moral de integridad en las obras de arte pl\u00e1stico\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-02T12:19:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-12T23:01:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/el-derecho-moral-de-integridad-en-las-obras-de-arte-plastico\/\"},\"wordCount\":1310,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/es\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/el-derecho-moral-de-integridad-en-las-obras-de-arte-plastico\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/medios-omc-abogados.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Art\u00edculos\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/el-derecho-moral-de-integridad-en-las-obras-de-arte-plastico\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/omcabogados.com.pe\/el-derecho-moral-de-integridad-en-las-obras-de-arte-plastico\/\",\"name\":\"El derecho moral de integridad en las obras de arte pl\u00e1stico - 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